Metaphor is a poetically or rhetorically ambitious use of words, a figurative as opposed to literal use. It has attracted more philosophical interest and provoked more philosophical controversy than any of the other traditionally recognized figures of speech.
1. Naming of Parts
2. The Ancient Accounts
3. Paraphrase
4. Four Traditions
4.1 Semantic Twist Accounts
4.2 Pragmatic Twist Accounts
4.3 Comparativist Accounts
4.4 Brute Force Accounts
5. Recent developments
5.1 Metaphor and Cognitive Linguistics
5.2 Metaphor and the Context Wars
5.3 Metaphor and Make-Believe